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The uses of will and would and can and could. [Xem 1072 lần]
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The uses of will and would and can and could. 
October 24, 2003, 02:07 PM
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[color=Red]Can[/color] and [color=Green]could[/color]are used in a variety of [i]different ways for different purposes. [/i] We can use them to talk about ability and possibility, to make requests and to ask for permission.
[b]can and could: to express ability [/b]
Here the distinction of can for present scenarios and could for past situations is preserved:
He [b]could[/b] read by the time he was four years old and now he can speak six languages fluently.
I [b]couldn’t[/b] find my Tom Jones CD when I was looking for it the other day, but now I [color=Green]can[/color] see that you have it.
[color=Blue]can and could / will and would: to make requests [/color]
When making requests, [b]can[/b] and [b]could[/b] are both used to refer to present and future situations. When we are asking something of others, will and would are also commonly used alternatives. Compare the following:
[b]Could[/b] I have another cup of tea, please?
[b]Can [/b] I have some more tea, please?
[b]Could[/b] you pick Lauren up from school for me this afternoon, please?
[b]Can[/b] you pick up Lauren from school for this afternoon, please?
[color=Beige]Would[/color] you collect Lauren from school for me this afternoon, please?
[color=Brown]Will[/color] you fetch Lauren from school for me this afternoon, please?
Note from the above examples that could and would sound marginally more polite than can and will.
Note that if we are talking about ability to do something, rather than making a request, it will be necessary to use will be able to talk about future ability:
[b]Will you [/b] be able to pick Lauren up from school this afternoon by any chance?
Note also that if we want to sound particularly polite when making a request of others, we can use the would you mind + verb-ing construction:
[b]Would [/b] you mind picking Lauren up from school? ~ No, I don’t mind. It’s no trouble.
[b]We can also use will to express the speaker’s willingness or intention to do things: [/b]
We haven’t got any paper for the photocopier. ~ [b]I’ll [/b] get some for you.
[b]Can[/b] you lend me fifty pounds for the weekend? I’ll pay you back on Monday.
[b]can and could: to ask for and give permission [/b]
[color=Teal]Can[/color] is more commonly used than could in these contexts. [color=Navy]May[/color] is a further alternative:
[b]Can / May [/b] I help you with that? ~ Yes, you can.
[u]Can / May [/u] I carry that for you? ~ Yes, you may.
[i]Can[/i] I enter the room while the recording is in progress? ~ No, you may not.
[i]Can[/i] I listen to it afterwards? ~ No, you can’t.
[color=Red]Note in the example above that we cannot use couldn’t when refusing permission. [/color]
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Re:The uses of will and would and can and could.
October 24, 2003, 02:16 PM
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[b]reported speech
[/b]
In reported speech, [b]would[/b] and [b]could[/b] or [b]would be able [/b] are used after reporting verbs in the past tense where [b]will[/b] and [b]can[/b] are used in direct speech. This is because there is a difference in [color=Red]time[/color], [color=Green]place [/color] and [color=Orange]speaker[/color]:
I[b]’ll[/b] tell Mary about the meeting you’ve arranged for next Saturday.
He said he [b]would[/b] tell Mary about the meeting tonight, but she’s not here yet.
I [b]can [/b] look after Jenny if you’re busy.
He said he [b]would be able [/b] to look after Jenny if I was busy.
However, [b]would and could [/b] do not change in reported speech, if they are already present in direct speech:
It [b]would[/b] be great if you could come to Manchester too.
He thought it [i]would[/i] be great if we [b]could [/b] go to Manchester as well.
[color=Purple]conditional structures and future situations [/color]
To talk about things that will probably not happen, we use a [b]past tense [/b] in the [b]if-clause and would[/b], or sometimes [b]could[/b], in the main clause. Compare examples above and below:
If I knew where she was living now, I [b]would[/b] tell you. But I don’t know.
[i]To talk about things that may happen in the real future, we use a [b]present tense [/b] in the [b]if-clause and will[/b], or sometimes can, in the main clause:
[/i]
I’ll try and repair your bike tomorrow, if I have enough time.
I’ll try to mend your bike tomorrow, if I can find enough time.
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